アレクサンダー大王（Alexander the Great）
- 356年BC: マケドニアで生まれる
- 336年BC: 王位を継承
- 334年BC: ペルシャ帝国への遠征開始
- 331年BC: ペルシャ帝国を征服
- 323年BC: バビロンで死去
幼年期と教育（356-340年BC）
アレクサンダー大王は紀元前356年にマケドニア王フィリッポス2世の子として生まれました。若年期にはアリストテレスから教育を受け、幅広い知識と戦略の基礎を身につけました。
王位の継承（336年BC）
父フィリッポス2世が暗殺されたことにより、アレクサンダーは20歳でマケドニア王位を継承しました。即位早々、彼は王国内の反乱を鎮圧し、自身の地位を固めました。
ペルシャへの遠征（334年BC）
アレクサンダー大王はペルシャ帝国への大規模な遠征を開始しました。彼の軍事戦略は驚異的で、一連の勝利をもってペルシャへの優位を確立しました。
ペルシャ帝国の征服（331年BC）
紀元前331年、ガウガメラの戦いでペルシャ王ダレイオス3世を破り、ペルシャ帝国を征服しました。これにより彼の支配領域は大幅に拡大しました。
バビロンの制圧とアジア遠征
ペルシャ帝国を制圧した後、彼はバビロンを新たな首都とし、さらに東へと進軍しました。エジプトからインドまでを制圧し、その領土は史上最大の帝国の一つとなりました。
東方文化の取り入れ
征服した地域の文化を尊重し、自身もそれらの文化を取り入れることで、アレクサンダーは領土内の多様な民族を一つにまとめ上げることに成功しました。
インドへの遠征
アレクサンダーは最後にインドへと遠征しましたが、戦士たちの反乱によりその遠征は終わりを告げ、彼はバビロンへと戻りました。
バビロンでの死（323年BC）
紀元前323年、バビロンでアレクサンダーは突然死去しました。その死因は今日まで謎に包まれています。
彼の遺産
彼の死後、帝国は分裂しましたが、彼の業績と影響は後世に多大な影響を与えました。彼が築いた広大な帝国は、東西文化交流の道を開きました。
アレクサンダー大王の評価
彼は歴史上最も偉大な軍人の一人とされ、その戦略とリーダーシップは今日でも学ばれています。彼の名前は、世界を一つに結びつけた偉大な指導者として、永遠に人類の歴史に刻まれています。
- Alexander the Great by Robin Lane Fox
- The Campaigns of Alexander by Arrian
アレクサンダー大王は、その戦略的な才能と勇敢さ、そして己の野望を達成するための無限のエネルギーにより広く称賛されています。しかし一方で、彼の野望が過大であったとの批判も存在し、その急速な拡大とその後の帝国の分裂は彼の統治の限界を示しています。彼の死後も、彼の人物像とその業績については多くの議論がなされています。
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